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What is HTML?
HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language, and is the language of the World Wide Web. It is the standard text formatting language used for creating and displaying pages on the Web. HTML documents are made up of two things: the content and the tags that formats it for proper display on pages.
What are tags?
Content is placed in between HTML tags 0in order to properly format it. It makes use of the less than symbol (<) and the greater than symbol (>).
Do all HTML tags come in pair?
No, there are single HTML tags that does not need a closing tag. Examples are the < img> tag and < br> tags.
What are some of the common lists that can be used when designing a page?
You can insert any or a combination of the following list types: – ordered list – unordered list – definition list – menu list – directory list Each of this list types makes use of a different tag set to compose
What is the difference between HTML elements and tags?
HTML elements communicate to the browser how to render text. When surrounded by angular brackets < > they form HTML tags. For the most part, tags come in pairs and surround text.
What is XML?
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is the universal language for data on the Web XML is a technology which allows us to create our own markup language. XML documents are universally accepted as a standard way of representing information in platform and language independent manner. XML is universal standard for information interchange. XML documents can be created in any language and can be used in any language.
What are the benefits of XML?
There are many benefits of using XML on the Web : Simplicity: Information coded in XML is easy to read and understand, plus it can be processed easily by computers. Openness: XML is a W3C standard, endorsed by software industry market leaders. Extensibility: There is no fixed set of tags. New tags can be created as they are needed. Self-description: In traditional databases, data records require schemas set up by the database administrator. XML documents can be stored without such definitions, because they contain meta data in the form of tags and attributes. Contains machine-readable context information: Tags, attributes and element structure provide context information that can be used to interpret the meaning of content, opening up new possibilities for highly efficient search engines, intelligent data mining, agents, etc. Separates content from presentation: XML tags describe meaning not presentation. The motto of HTML is: "I know how it looks", whereas the motto of XML is: "I know what it means, and you tell me how it should look." The look and feel of an XML document can be controlled by XSL style sheets, allowing the look of a document to be changed without touching the content of the document. Multiple views or presentations of the same content are easily rendered. Supports multilingual documents and Unicode: This is important for the internationalization of applications. Facilitates the comparison and aggregation of data: The tree structure of XML documents allows documents to be compared and aggregated efficiently element by element. Can embed multiple data types: XML documents can contain any possible data type - from multimedia data (image, sound, video) to active components (Java applets, ActiveX). Can embed existing data: Mapping existing data structures like file systems or relational databases to XML is simple. XML supports multiple data formats and can cover all existing data structures and . Provides a 'one-server view' for distributed data: XML documents can consist of nested elements that are distributed over multiple remote servers. XML is currently the most sophisticated format for distributed data - the World Wide Web can be seen as one huge XML database.
Which tag is used to find the version of XML and the syntax?
Declaring the XML version is very important for each XML document and platform needs to be specified in which it is running. < !--?xml version=â€1.1†encoding=â€|ISO-8859-1|â€?-- >
What is a well-formed XML document?
If a document is syntactically correct it can be called as well-formed XML documents. A well-formed document conforms to XML's basic rules of syntax: Every open tag must be closed. The open tag must exactly match the closing tag: XML is case-sensitive. All elements must be embedded within a single root element. Child tags must be closed before parent tags. A well-formed document has correct XML tag syntax, but the elements might be invalid for the specified document type.
What is XPath?
XPath is used to find information in an XML document and contains standard functions. XPath is the major element in XSLT, and it is w3c recommendation.
What is CSS ?
1. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every occurrence of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size. 2. CSS is a web standard that describes style for XML/HTML documents. 3. CSS is a language that adds style (colors, images, borders, margins…) to your site. It’s really that simple. CSS is not used to put any content on your site, it’s just there to take the content you have and make it pretty. First thing you do is link a CSS-file to your HTML document.
Is CSS case sensitive?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be. The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the CSS class names will be case sensitive for some browsers.
What is a class? What is an ID?
A class is a style (i.e., a group of CSS attributes) that can be applied to one or more HTML elements. This means it can apply to instances of the same element or instances of different elements to which the same style can be attached. Classes are defined in CSS using a period followed by the class name. It is applied to an HTML element via the class attribute and the class name. The following snippet shows a class defined, and then it being applied to an HTML DIV element. .test {font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 20; background: black;} test Also, you could define a style for all elements with a defined class. This is demonstrated with the following code that selects all P elements with the column class specified. p.column {font-color: black;} An ID selector is a name assigned to a specific style. In turn, it can be associated with one HTML element with the assigned ID. Within CSS, ID selectors are defined with the # character followed by the selector name. The following snippet shows the CSS example1 defined followed by the use of an HTML element’s ID attribute, which pairs it with the CSS selector. #example1: {background: blue;}
What are properties of style sheet ?
CSS Background CSS Text CSS Font CSS Border CSS Outline CSS Margin CSS Padding CSS List CSS Table
What are the limitations of CSS ?
Limitations are: • Ascending by selectors is not possible •Limitations of vertical control •No expressions •No column declaration •Pseudo-class not controlled by dynamic behavior •Rules, styles, targeting specific text not possible
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a general-purpose programming language designed to let programmers of all skill levels control the behavior of software objects. The language is used most widely today in Web browsers whose software objects tend to represent a variety of HTML elements in a document and the document itself. But the language can be--and is--used with other kinds of objects in other environments. For example, Adobe Acrobat Forms uses JavaScript as its underlying scripting language to glue together objects that are unique to the forms generated by Adobe Acrobat. Therefore, it is important to distinguish JavaScript, the language, from the objects it can communicate with in any particular environment. When used for Web documents, the scripts go directly inside the HTML documents and are downloaded to the browser with the rest of the HTML tags and content.
Is JavaScript case sensitive?
Yes, absolutely. For example, the function getElementById is not the same as the function getElementbyID. Keeping your capitalization consistent is important. JavaScript is a platform-independent, event-driven, interpreted client-side scripting and programming language developed by Netscape Communications Corp. and Sun Microsystems.
Are Java and JavaScript the Same?
No. java and JavaScript are two different languages. Java is a powerful object - oriented programming language like C++, C whereas JavaScript is a client-side scripting language with some limitations.
What is ‘this’ keyword in JavaScript?
‘This’ keyword is used to point at the current object in the code. For instance: If the code is presently at an object created by the help of the ‘new’ keyword, then ‘this’ keyword will point to the object being created.
Explain the different types of pop-up boxes you can create in JavaScript.
There are three main types of pop-up boxes in JavaScript: alert boxes, confirm boxes, and prompt boxes. •Alert Box: Used to confirm that a user understands a vital piece of information before proceeding. The user must click OK to exit the box. window.alert("Alert text here."); •Confirm box:a Used when user verification is required. It will return TRUE if the user clicks OK, and FALSE if the user clicks CANCEL. window.confirm("Confirm text here."); •Prompt box: Used if the user needs to input something before proceeding. When the user inputs a value and presses OK, the prompt box will return the input value. If the user clicks CANCEL without inputting a value, the input value will return as null. window.prompt("Prompt box text","Default value");
What is jQuery?
jQuery is a light weight JavaScript library which provides fast and easy way of HTML DOM traversing and manipulation,its event handling,its client side animations, etc. One of the greatest features of jQuery is that jQuery supports an efficient way to implement AJAX applications because of its light weight nature and make normalize and efficient web programs.
Explain the features of jQuery?
Features of jQuery are : * Effects and animations * Ajax * Extensibility * DOM element selections functions * Events * CSS manipulation * Utilities - such as browser version and the each function. * JavaScript Plugins * DOM traversal and modification
Advantages of jQuery?
The advantages of using jQuery are: * JavaScript enhancement without the overhead of learning new syntax * Ability to keep the code simple, clear, readable and reusable * Eradication of the requirement of writing repetitious and complex loops and DOM scripting library calls
Why is jQuery better than JavaScript?
* jQuery is great library for developing ajax based application. * It helps the programmers to keep code simple and concise and reusable. * jQuery library simplifies the process of traversal of HTML DOM tree. * jQuery can also handle events, perform animation, and add the Ajax support in web applications.
Why jQuery is needed?
jQuery is needed for the following list: •Used to develop browser compatible web applications •Improve the performance of an application •Very fast and extensible •UI related functions are written in minimal lines of codes
What is AngularJS?
AngularJS is an open-source JavaScript framework, maintained by Google, that assists with running single-page applications. Its goal is to augment browser-based applications with model–view–controller capability, in an effort to make both development and testing easier.
Who created Angular JS ?
Intially it was developed by Misko Hevery and Adam Abrons. Currently it is being developed by Google.
Explain what are the key features of Angular.js ?
The key features of angular.js are •Scope •Controller •Model •View •Services •Data Binding •Directives •Filters •Testable
Tell me which browsers does Angular work with?
We run our extensive test suite against the following browsers: Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera, IE8, IE9 and mobile browsers (Android, Chrome Mobile, iOS Safari). See Internet Explorer Compatibility for more details in supporting legacy IE browsers.
Explain what is testability like in Angular?
Very testable and designed this way from ground up. It has an integrated dependency injection framework, provides mocks for many heavy dependencies (server-side communication).
Who is the Father of JSON ?
Douglas Crockford is the Creator or Father of JSON.
What is MIME type for JSON?
The MIME type for JSON text is "application/json"
What is JSON?
JSON full form is JavaScript Object Notation. JSON is a lightweight text-based open standard designed for human-readable data interchange. It is derived from the JavaScript programming language for representing simple data structures and associative arrays, called objects. And JSON is language-independent, with parsers available for virtually every programming language. Uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python,php The JSON format is often used for serializing and transmitting structured data over a network connection. When third party data interchane(REST Services) then JSON may used there LIKE SHOP. It is primarily used to transmit data between a server and web application, serving as an alternative to XML.
What is the file extension of JSON?
The JSON filename extension is .json.
Explain Syntax of JSON?
JSON is smaller than XML, and faster and easier to parse. Below is a basic syntax of JSON JSON CODE { "studeents": [ { "firstName":"Ali" , "lastName":"Khan" }, { "firstName":"John" , "lastName":"Sena" }, { "firstName":"Kate" , "lastName":"Winslet" } ] }
What is HTML 5?
HTML 5 is a new standard for HTML whose main target is to deliver everything without need to any additional plugins like flash, Silverlight etc. It has everything from animations, videos, rich GUI etc. HTML5 is cooperation output between World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
In HTML 5 we do not need DTD why?
HTML 5 does not use SGML or XHTML it’s completely a new thing so you do not need to refer DTD. For HTML 5 you just need to put the below doctype code which makes the browser identify that this is a HTML 5 document.
If I do not put will HTML 5 work?
No, browser will not be able to identify that it’s a HTML document and HTML 5 tags will not function properly.
Which browsers support HTML 5?
Almost all browsers i.e. Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer support HTML 5.
What are the different new form element types in HTML 5?
There are 10 important new form elements introduced in HTML 5:- 1. Color. 2. Date 3. Datetime-local 4. Email 5. Time 6. Url 7. Range 8. Telephone 9. Number 10. Search
What is Adobe Photoshop?
It is software developed by Adobe to create and edit images and logos. By adobe photoshop adjustment and modification can be done.
How you can re-size the image in Photoshop?
To resize the image in Photoshop you have to go into menu bar, under menu bar you will find an option “Image Sizeâ€. On clicking that option, it will open a dialog box, by which you can adjust the size of the image.
What is a Gradient in Adobe Photoshop?
Gradients are a great way to introduce eye-catching and flashy graphics in your pages.
What are the Photoshop’s work areas?
The Photoshop’s work area includes Application Bar, Option Bar, Panel Dock and Tools panel.
In Photoshop, what is a smart object?
In Photoshop CS2 and above, it has a special layer known as Smart Object Layer. Smart objects give freedom to work with multiple copies of a single object. All the multiple copies will be updated simultaneously when single object is updated. Also, changes in the adjustment of layers and layer styles of a single object can be done without affecting the multiple copies. Without any loss in pixel, pixel based objects can be changed several times.
Life cycle of flex appln/component?
Pre initialize : The Appln has been initiated but has not yet created any child components. Initialize :The Appln has created child components but has not yet laid out those components. Creation Complete : The Appln has been completely initiated and has laid out all components
Types of binding?
using curly braces ({}) using Action script expressions in curly braces using the tag in mxml using bindings in Actionscript (Binding utils)
Event Bubbling?
The mechanism through which event objs are passed from the objs that generates an event up through the containership hierarchy.
Different ways of using style sheets?
using external style sheets using local style definitions using the style manager class using the set style() getstyle() methods using inline styles loading style sheets at runtime
How can u use 2 styles at the same time?
Using external style sheets and inline style commands.
What is vector graphic animation?
Vector graphics" are different from "raster graphics" like jpg, gif, png, bmp graphics. vector graphics use math formulas to draw animation shapes, while raster graphics save millions of tiny colored dots to draw photos.
Can Flash .swf movies be very time consuming to edit?
Yes It is very laborious work to change a Flash web page quickly. For this reason, you will almost never see a dynamic content page like a news site utilizing Flash for its rapidly-changing content. Instead, Flash is used more for decorative purposes, and for advertising and online gaming purposes.
I shoot underwater with a TTL strobe that does not allow you to set flash exposure compensation. How do I set fill flash with this set up?
Let's assume that you have an N80 body in an underwater case and are using underwater TTL strobes. Here you could set flash exposure compensation from the N80 body (assuming the case let you access that control). I'd tend to set the N80 to Standard TTL if I wanted to fiddle with flash levels, though, as in balanced fill-flash modes you don't know what compensation the camera is already adding (i.e., you'll only get repeatable results with Standard TTL).
The F601/N6006 had a special control to set the fill-flash option on the body; Is there a similar way to set fill levels on the F90x/N90s and SB-28 combo?
If you're using an SB-24 or later and a modern Nikon body that doesn't have a built-in flash, you set fill levels on the flash. With your combo, you can set fill by pressing the Minus button on the SB-28 three to five times (-1.0 to -1.7 stops).However, there's a caveat. If you have the camera set to Program (P) exposure mode and the flash to TTL, you're in what is known as a "balanced" mode. In balanced modes, the camera tries to equalize the flash and ambient light levels. But, when everything is on automatic, the camera can only set shutter speeds of 1/60 to 1/250, which might not let the camera set the proper ambient exposure. In dim light, for example, the camera would underexpose the background (though the subject would be lit by the flash). Thus, if you dial in fill flash in this situation, both the ambient light and the flash would be underexposed, ruining your shot. So, the caveat is this: don't set fill flash levels on your SB-28 unless you know that the ambient exposure is going to be correct. For dim light, that may mean you need to set Slow or Rear flash sync; in bright light, that may mean you need to set High Speed (FP) flash sync.
You understand from the SB-25 manual that the built-in, retractable bounce card is meant for use with the flash head in a vertical position?
I do (this is true of the SB-24, SB-25, SB-26, SB-28/28DX, SB-80DX). That's because it helps keep a little light from being lost, but more importantly, it provides just a bit of catchlight in the subject's eyes (the bounce directly off the card).
What is Ruby On Rails?
Ruby on Rails is an open source full-stack web application framework written in the Ruby Programming Language. Rails is capable of gathering information using pages and applications from the web server and can interact with a database and can retrieve information from the database.
Why Ruby on Rails?
1.CRUD (convention over configuration) 2. DRY Principal (Do not repeat Your self ) 3. Gems and Plugins 4. Pure OOP Concept 5. Scaffolding 6.. Rest Support 7.Action Mailer 8. Rake support 9. open source 10.Rpsec Suppot for testing
Explain how (almost) everything is an object in Ruby?
This is a simple question based on complex concept. Here’s your chance to show off your theoretical knowledge and demonstrate that you can have an in depth conversation on class hierarchies, inheritance, methods, encapsulation, polymorphism, and more. Explaining this could take an hour or a few minutes – there’s no single correct answer here, save from being able to demonstrate your familiarity with OOP concepts.
What’s your favorite testing tool?
The specific answer here is probably not important in and of itself – What’s important is that you can demonstrate familiarity with at least several testing tools, and be able to discuss their individual advantages and weaknesses. Never ventured outside of Rails default testing tools? Take some time to familiarize yourself with tools such as Rspec, FactoryGirl, Capybara, and Cucumber.
What are Gems and which are some of your favorites?
Gems are packaged bits of Ruby code that you can install to extend or add functionality to your app. Be sure to be able to discuss a list of your favorite gems, why you like them, and any customizations you like to add. This is also a good opportunity to highlight any gems you may have published.
What is the XSLT?
XSLT stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations(XSLT). This is developed by World Wide Web Consortium(W3C). This is written in XML.We use XSLT when we want to transform an XML document into the oter XML document. Generally we use XSLT when we want to make transformation from a XML document into another XML document,Convert a XML document into the HTML or XHTML document, creating dynamic web pages, can convert an XML document into PDF document. We saved the XSLT file by using .xsl or .xslt extension. Recent version of XSLT is XSLT2.0 launched at 23rd Jan 2007. It is a part of XSL.Editor od first version of XSLT are James Clark.
Who developed XSLT?
It was developed by World Wide Web consortium.
What does XSLT processing models involve?
As far as the XSLT processing model is concerned it involves one or more XML documents as well as one ore more XSLT style sheet modules. It also requires XSLT template processing engine (the processor) as well as one or more result documents.
Can you use the XSLT to convert html into VXML?
Yes, we can definitely use the XSLT to convert the html into VXML.
Do you feel that you are a good XSLT programmer?
This is definitely a very tricky question. You might be quite confused while answering to this question. Hence you should practice to answer this as well as similar questions at your home. Go for the interview only when you are hundred percent sure that you are ready for the interview.
What is XPath?
An addressing mechanism for identifying the parts of an XML document. XPath, the XML Path Language, is a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document. In addition, XPath may be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document.
How do I configure an XPointer processor?
There is no required configuration for the XPointer Framework. The uberjar command line utility provides some configuration options. Applications configure individual XPointer processors when they obtain an instance from an appropriate XPointerProcessor factory method.
Give some examples of XML DTDs or schemas that you have?
Although XML does not require data to be validated against a DTD, many of the benefits of using the technology are derived from being able to validate XML documents against business or technical architecture rules. Polling for the list of DTDs that developers have worked with provides insight to their general exposure to the technology.
What is SOAP and how does it related to XML?
SOAP is a simple XML based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP. Or more simply: SOAP is a protocol for accessing a Web Service
What is Web application?
An application written for the Internet, including those built with Java technologies such as JavaServer Pages and servlets, as well as those built with non-Java technologies such as CGI and Perl.
What is Perl?
Perl, sometimes said as Practical Extraction and Reporting Language, is an interpreted programming language with a huge number of uses, libraries and resources. Perl was first brought into being by Larry Wall circa 1987 as a general purpose Unix scripting language to make his programming work simpler. Although it has far surpassed his original creation, Larry Wall still oversees development of the core language, and the newest version, Perl 6.
Which of these is a difference between Perl and C++ ?
Perl can have objects whose data cannot be accessed outside its class, but C++ cannot. Perl can use closures with unreachable private data as objects, and C++ doesn't support closures. Furthermore, C++ does support pointer arithmetic via `int *ip = (int*)&object', allowing you do look all over the object. Perl doesn't have pointer arithmetic. It also doesn't allow `#define private public' to change access rights to foreign objects. On the other hand, once you start poking around in /dev/mem, no one is safe.
Why do you use Perl?
Perl is a powerful free interpreter. Perl is portable, flexible and easy to learn.
How do I set environment variables in Perl programs?
you can just do something like this: $path = $ENV{'PATH'}; As you may remember, "%ENV" is a special hash in Perl that contains the value of all your environment variables. Because %ENV is a hash, you can set environment variables just as you'd set the value of any Perl hash variable. Here's how you can set your PATH variable to make sure the following four directories are in your path:: $ENV{'PATH'} = '/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/home/yourname/bin';
Which of these is a difference between C++ and Perl?
Perl can have objects whose data cannot be accessed outside its class, but C++ cannot. Perl can use closures with unreachable private data as objects, and C++ doesn't support closures. Furthermore, C++ does support pointer arithmetic via `int *ip = (int*)&object', allowing you do look all over the object. Perl doesn't have pointer arithmetic. It also doesn't allow `#define private public' to change access rights to foreign objects. On the other hand, once you start poking around in /dev/mem, no one is safe.
Define python?
Python is simple and easy to learn language compared to other programming languages. Python was introduced to the world in the year 1991 by Guido van Rossum. It is a dynamic object oriented language used for developing software. It supports various programming languages and have a massive library support for many other languages. It is a modern powerful interpreted language with objects, modules, threads, exceptions, and automatic memory managements. Salient features of Python are Simple & Easy: Python is simple language & easy to learn. Free/open source: it means everybody can use python without purchasing license. High level language: when coding in Python one need not worry about low-level details. Portable: Python codes are Machine & platform independent. Extensible: Python program supports usage of C/ C++ codes. Embeddable Language: Python code can be embedded within C/C++ codes & can be used a scripting language. Standard Library: Python standard library contains prewritten tools for programming. Build-in Data Structure: contains lots of data structure like lists, numbers & dictionaries.
Define a method in Python?
'self' is a conventional name of method’s first argument. A method which is defined as meth(self, x ,y ,z) is called as a.meth(x, y, z) for an instance of a class in which definition occurs and is called as meth(a, x ,y, z).
Describe python usage in web programming?
Python is used perfectly for web programming and have many special features to make it easy to use. Web frame works, content management systems, WebServers, CGI scripts, Webclient programming, Webservices, etc are the features supported by python. Python language is used to create various high end applications because of its flexibility.
Is there any tool used to find bugs or carrying out static analysis?
Yes. PyChecker is the static analysis tool used in python to find bugs in source code, warns about code style and complexity etc. Pylint is a tool that verifies whether a module satisfies standards of coding and makes it possible to add custom feature and write plug-ins.
Rules for local and global variables in python?
In python, the variables referenced inside a function are global. When a variable is assigned new value anywhere in the body of a function then it is assumed as local. In a function, if a variable ever assigned new value then the variable is implicitly local and explicitly it should be declared as global. If all global references require global then you will be using global at anytime. You’d declare as global each reference to built-in function or to component of module which is imported. The usefulness of global declaration in identifying side-effects is defeated by this clutter.
What is SEO and introduce its types?
Search engine optimization or SEO is a process of keep changing the position of a web page or website in a search engine results by using keywords or phrases. Two Types of SEO are: On Page Optimization Off Page Optimization
What are the SEO tools do you use?
The SEO tools that I use are Google analytic, keyword search, Alexa, open site explorer, Google Webmaster.
What do you mean by Backlink?
The incoming links to your website or webpage is referred as Backlink.
What are out bound Links?
The outbound links are our website links to other webpage or website.
Can you tell me something about Googlebot?
To index a webpage Google uses the Googlebot software. Caching, Crawling and indexing of a webpage are done through Googlebot by collecting details from that webpage.
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